How does the biodiversity shift from the base to the summit of Mallorca’s highest peaks?

The biodiversity on Mallorca’s highest peaks undergoes a noticeable transformation as one moves from the base to the summit, reflecting changes in altitude, temperature, and soil conditions. At the lower elevations, the landscape is dominated by Mediterranean shrubland and pine forests, where a rich variety of flora such as holm oaks, wild olive trees, and aromatic herbs thrive. This area supports a diverse array of animal life, including small mammals, reptiles, and numerous bird species adapted to the warmer, more stable climate.

Moving upward, the environment becomes harsher and less densely vegetated. Around mid-elevation, the vegetation transitions into more open, scrubby landscapes with hardy shrubs and low-lying plants that can tolerate cooler temperatures and stronger winds. The soil here is often rockier and thinner, limiting the growth of larger trees but supporting specialized species such as mountain grasses and endemic wildflowers. Wildlife also adapts accordingly, with fewer large animals but a presence of birds of prey and insects suited to these conditions.

Near the summits, biodiversity is relatively sparse yet uniquely adapted to the challenging environment. The vegetation consists mainly of alpine plants that can survive extreme weather, including windswept garrigue and small patches of rare, resilient flora found nowhere else on the island. Animal life is minimal but may include specially adapted insects and small birds that exploit the limited resources available. Overall, Mallorca’s peaks offer a striking example of how biodiversity shifts gradually with altitude, showcasing a range of ecosystems from lush forests to rugged highland flora and fauna.