What impact do feral goats have on soil quality and erosion in Mallorca?

Feral goats in Mallorca have a significant impact on soil quality and erosion, which poses challenges for both the natural environment and agricultural sustainability on the island. These animals graze extensively on native vegetation, often stripping the land of ground cover that plays a crucial role in protecting the soil. Without sufficient plant roots to anchor it, the topsoil becomes highly vulnerable to erosion by wind and rain. Over time, this degradation leads to a loss of fertile soil layers, reducing the land's capacity to support healthy plant growth and altering the local ecosystem.

The erosion caused by feral goats is particularly pronounced in hilly or mountainous areas, where the landscape is already susceptible due to steep slopes. The removal of plants in these regions accelerates runoff, as the water is no longer absorbed efficiently, carrying away precious soil and nutrients downhill. This process can contribute to increased sedimentation in streams and rivers, affecting aquatic habitats as well. Additionally, soil compaction from the goats' movement can further diminish soil aeration and water infiltration, exacerbating the decline in soil quality.

Efforts to manage the feral goat population are important in mitigating these environmental impacts. Controlling grazing pressure allows native vegetation to recover, stabilizing the soil and helping restore the natural balance of Mallorca’s terrestrial ecosystems. Maintaining healthy soil is vital not only for preserving biodiversity but also for supporting the island’s agricultural lands, which form an important part of the local economy and culture. In this way, addressing the influence of feral goats is a key aspect of sustainable land management in Mallorca.