How do the geological formations of Mallorca differ from those of mainland Spain?

Mallorca, the largest of the Balearic Islands, exhibits geological formations that are distinct from those of mainland Spain. The island is primarily composed of limestone and features extensive karst formations, characterized by underground rivers, caves, and dramatic cliffs. This contrasts with much of mainland Spain, which features a broader range of geological formations including sedimentary plains, mountainous regions like the Pyrenees, and volcanic areas in the Canary Islands.

Mallorca’s Serra de Tramuntana mountain range, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is composed mainly of limestone and is marked by rugged peaks and deep valleys, shaped by ancient tectonic activity and erosion. In contrast, the geological makeup of mainland Spain varies widely and includes more volcanic rock in regions like the Canary Islands and alluvial deposits in areas such as the Ebro River Valley. Additionally, the island has a complex geology influenced by its former connections to the North African tectonic plate, whereas mainland Spain primarily developed from the Iberian plate's interactions with surrounding plates. Overall, these differences underscore the unique geological history and natural beauty of Mallorca compared to the diverse landscapes of mainland Spain.