What are some key geological features of Mallorca?

Mallorca, the largest of the Balearic Islands in Spain, showcases a diverse range of geological features shaped by its complex history. The island's northern region is dominated by the Serra de Tramuntana mountain range, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. These rugged mountains are primarily composed of limestone, resulting from the uplift of marine sediments during the Miocene epoch, creating steep cliffs that rise dramatically from the coastline. The highest peak, Puig Major, reaches an elevation of 1,445 meters.

In contrast to the mountainous north, the central part of Mallorca features a flat and fertile terrain known as the Pla de Mallorca, composed mainly of alluvial deposits that support agriculture. To the southeast lies the picturesque coastal area of the Ma-3 limestone formations, where erosion has carved out stunning cliffs and natural arches. The eastern side of the island is noted for its numerous caves, such as the popular Cuevas del Drach, which possess unique stalactite and stalagmite formations. Mallorca's geological features not only contribute to its dramatic landscapes but also affect its climate, vegetation, and biodiversity, making it a fascinating location for geologists and tourists alike.