What historical factors have influenced olive cultivation in Mallorca?

Olive cultivation in Mallorca has roots that trace back to ancient times, significantly influenced by various historical civilizations. The Phoenicians and Greeks, who settled in Spain around 1000 BC, were among the first to introduce olive cultivation to the Balearic Islands, including Mallorca. However, it was the Romans, from 123 BC, who greatly expanded the cultivation of olives, establishing large estates and developing advanced agricultural techniques that laid the groundwork for the island's olive oil production.

During the Moorish occupation from the 8th to the 13th century, olive cultivation flourished further as Islamic agricultural practices were introduced, including irrigation techniques that enhanced yield and quality. The Moors also introduced new olive varieties, many of which are still cultivated today. After the Christian reconquest in the 13th century, the cultivation of olives remained a key component of Mallorca's agricultural economy.

Over the centuries, the island's favorable Mediterranean climate and diverse terrains have continued to support olive cultivation. In modern times, olives remain a significant aspect of Mallorca's agricultural output, with the production of high-quality olive oils becoming an integral part of the island's culinary identity. The historical resilience and adaptability of olive farming reflect Mallorca's agricultural heritage and ongoing cultural significance.