How does the altitude of Mallorca's mountain ranges impact the climate?

Mallorca, the largest island in the Balearic Islands of Spain, features the Serra de Tramuntana mountain range, which stretches along the northwest coast. This mountain range significantly impacts the island's climate by creating a rain shadow effect. The peaks of the Tramuntana, rising approximately 1,445 meters (4,738 feet) at Puig Major, intercept moist air masses coming from the Mediterranean Sea. As the air rises over the mountains, it cools and loses moisture, resulting in higher precipitation levels on the western slopes compared to the eastern parts of the island.

As a result, the western region tends to have a more humid and temperate climate, fostering lush vegetation and agricultural areas, while the eastern parts are generally drier and warmer. The elevation also contributes to temperature variations; higher altitudes experience cooler temperatures, especially in winter, influencing local weather patterns and ecosystems. Furthermore, the mountains serve as a barrier to strong winds coming from the north, thereby moderating the climatic conditions experienced in the coastal areas. Overall, the altitude of the mountain ranges plays a crucial role in shaping Mallorca's diverse climate and ecosystem.