How does the presence of non-venomous snakes affect the ecosystem in Mallorca?

The presence of non-venomous snakes in Mallorca plays a significant role in the island's ecosystem, primarily by helping to maintain the balance of local fauna. These snakes, such as the native ladder snake (*Echium albimaculatum*), contribute to controlling populations of small mammals, birds, and reptiles, which can help prevent overpopulation and the associated issues of habitat degradation. By preying on these species, non-venomous snakes help to maintain biodiversity and promote healthy ecosystems.

Additionally, non-venomous snakes serve as prey for larger predators, such as birds of prey, thus playing an integral part in the food web. Their presence also indicates a healthy environment, as their survival is often linked to habitat quality and the abundance of prey species. Furthermore, their role in nutrient cycling, through their predation and eventual decomposition, contributes to the overall health and fertility of the ecosystem. In summary, non-venomous snakes are vital to the ecological balance in Mallorca, influencing prey populations, supporting predator species, and signaling the health of their environment.