How does the native vegetation in Mallorca change between coastal and mountainous regions?

The native vegetation in Mallorca exhibits notable variation between the coastal areas and the mountainous interior, reflecting differences in climate, soil, and elevation. Along the coast, the landscape is characterized by hardy Mediterranean scrub and shrubland, often referred to as garrigue or maquis. This vegetation consists of aromatic, drought-resistant plants such as thyme, rosemary, lavender, and various species of low-growing evergreen shrubs. These plants thrive in the dry, salty, and windy conditions near the sea and provide a colorful, fragrant tapestry that defines the coastal environment. Additionally, pockets of pine forests, mainly of Aleppo pines, are often found near the shoreline, offering a sharper contrast to the typically open and rocky coast.

In contrast, the mountainous regions of Mallorca display a richer and denser variety of vegetation due to higher altitudes and cooler temperatures. The Serra de Tramuntana mountain range, in particular, hosts forests dominated by holm oak, wild olive, and the endemic Balearic pine. These areas enjoy a somewhat more humid climate, with greater rainfall supporting a lush understory of ferns and shrubs. The elevation creates microclimates where sensitive plants such as Montpellier maple and boxwood can grow, which are scarce or absent on the coast. In the mountain valleys and ravines, ancient olive groves and cultivated terraces intertwine with the native flora, evidence of human interaction shaping the landscape over centuries.

Overall, the shift from coastal scrublands to mountainous forests is marked by an increase in plant diversity and density, as well as a transition from predominantly sun- and drought-adapted species to those that prefer cooler and moister conditions. This gradient of vegetation enriches Mallorca's natural heritage and provides diverse habitats supporting a range of wildlife. Visitors can appreciate this botanical variety while exploring the island, from the fragrant coastal hills to the shaded, rugged mountain trails. The nuanced interplay of geography and climate ensures that Mallorca’s native vegetation is both distinctive and regionally responsive.