What irrigation methods did the Moors introduce during their occupation of Mallorca?

During their occupation of Mallorca, the Moors introduced advanced irrigation techniques that significantly transformed the island’s agricultural landscape. Recognizing the importance of water management in the Mediterranean climate, they implemented a sophisticated system that included the use of qanats, or underground channels, to transport water from sources located in the mountains to the arid plains below. This method ensured a steady and controlled water supply, allowing crops to flourish even in drier periods. These underground tunnels minimized evaporation, a crucial innovation in a region where water conservation was essential for sustaining agriculture.

In addition to qanats, the Moors developed and refined surface irrigation systems, such as open canals and acequias, which distributed water efficiently across cultivated fields. These canals were often lined with stone or clay to reduce seepage and ensure the maximum flow of water to crops. Their irrigation networks were meticulously planned to optimize the use of available water resources, supporting the growth of a variety of crops like citrus fruits, olives, and vegetables, which became staples of Mallorcan agriculture. The techniques they brought also included water-lifting devices such as norias and waterwheels, which helped raise water from lower levels to irrigation channels.

The irrigation methods introduced by the Moors not only boosted agricultural productivity but also fostered the development of settlements and gardens, contributing richly to the cultural and economic fabric of Mallorca. Their impact is still evident today in the remnants of irrigation infrastructures scattered across the island, some of which continue to influence agricultural practices. Overall, the Moorish legacy in Mallorca is characterized by a harmonious blend of engineering prowess and an astute understanding of the local environment, which enabled sustainable agriculture in a challenging Mediterranean setting.