How do the mountains of Mallorca influence the local climate and weather patterns?

The mountains of Mallorca, particularly the Tramuntana range, significantly influence the island's local climate and weather patterns. Rising steeply from the coastline, these mountains create a rain shadow effect, which results in contrasting climatic conditions on either side of the range. The northern and western slopes, which are generally more exposed to prevailing westerly winds, receive considerably more precipitation, resulting in lush vegetation and fertile soils. In contrast, the southern and eastern slopes are drier and can experience more arid conditions, contributing to a more Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild winters.

Additionally, the Tramuntana mountains can affect temperature variations across the island, as their elevation creates cooler microclimates at higher altitudes. This leads to differences in agricultural practices, where crops like olives and grapes thrive in the cooler, wetter areas of the north. Winds, such as the cool "embat" that flows from the sea, are also moderated by the mountain ranges, impacting local weather and making certain areas more favorable for outdoor activities. Overall, Mallorca's mountainous terrain plays a crucial role in shaping its diverse climatic zones and ecological systems.