How did the tradition of nativity scenes originate in Mallorca?

The tradition of nativity scenes, or "pessebres," in Mallorca has its roots in the broader Mediterranean practice of depicting the birth of Jesus, which dates back to the Middle Ages. This custom was popularized by St. Francis of Assisi in the 13th century, who created one of the first live nativity scenes in Greccio, Italy. As Christianity spread throughout Europe, the tradition took hold in various regions, including Mallorca, where it evolved into a unique cultural expression.

In Mallorca, nativity scenes became a significant part of Christmas celebrations, often showcasing not just the Holy Family but also various traditional local figures and scenes that represent village life. The artisans of Mallorca began to craft these scenes using materials such as wood, clay, and even local vegetation, creating intricate dioramas that reflected both religious devotion and local customs. This practice is deeply enshrined in Mallorcan culture, with many families assembling their nativity scenes well in advance of Christmas, often competing for the most elaborate displays. Schools, churches, and community centers frequently host exhibitions and competitions that highlight this cherished tradition, ensuring it remains an integral part of the island's festive celebrations every year.