Which crops introduced or favored after the Christian reconquest are still significant to Mallorca’s agriculture today?

After the Christian reconquest of Mallorca in the 13th century, the island’s agriculture experienced notable transformations, with certain crops introduced or emphasized that remain integral to its economy today. One of the foremost crops is the olive tree. Although olives were known during earlier periods, their cultivation expanded substantially following the reconquest, with the introduction of new varieties and farming techniques brought by Christians from mainland Spain. Olive oil production became a cornerstone of Mallorcan agriculture, valued both locally and for export.

Another crop that gained prominence post-reconquest is the grapevine. Viticulture was encouraged as part of the broader European Christian agricultural tradition, and Mallorca developed a reputation for its wines, particularly those made from native and introduced grapes. The island’s vineyards continue to be vital, producing wines that reflect Mallorca’s unique terroir and are celebrated both on the island and abroad.

Additionally, the cultivation of almonds and figs became more widespread in the centuries following the reconquest, adapting well to Mallorca’s Mediterranean climate. These crops complement the island’s traditional Mediterranean agriculture and contribute significantly to its local markets and cuisine today. Citrus fruits, particularly oranges and lemons, were also introduced or expanded during this period and remain important for both commercial agriculture and local consumption.

Overall, olives, grapes, almonds, figs, and citrus fruits are among the key crops introduced or favored after the Christian reconquest that continue to define Mallorca’s agricultural profile, supporting its economy and reinforcing its rich cultural heritage related to farming and food production.