How did the social changes under Castilian rule influence the development of a distinct Mallorcan identity?

The social changes that unfolded under Castilian rule played a crucial role in shaping a distinct Mallorcan identity. Following the conquest of Mallorca by King James I of Aragon in the 13th century, the island experienced a gradual but profound transformation as new social structures were introduced. The arrival of settlers from Catalonia and Aragon, alongside the imposition of Castilian legal and administrative systems, led to a blending of traditions and customs. This fusion was not merely a superficial change but penetrated deeply into daily life, influencing language, social hierarchies, and cultural practices on the island.

Under Castilian influence, the feudal system was reinforced, reorganizing land ownership and economic relations on Mallorca. Large estates managed by nobility and religious orders dominated much of the countryside, creating a rural society with clear class distinctions. At the same time, the integration of Castilian law helped to forge a sense of order and governance that tied the island more closely to the broader political framework of the Crown of Castile. Despite these impositions, Mallorcans preserved many elements of their earlier Roman and Catalan heritage, resulting in a unique cultural synthesis.

This evolving social fabric nurtured a distinct Mallorcan identity, expressed in language, architecture, and local traditions. While Catalan remained predominant, the influence of Castilian and other linguistic and cultural elements helped Mallorcans develop a regional dialect and customs that set them apart from the mainland. Socially, a resilient local consciousness emerged, rooted in the island’s geography and history but open to external influences. These dynamics cultivated a strong sense of community and autonomy that would define Mallorcan identity long after the initial period of Castilian conquest and rule.