Which tree species are typically used in traditional cork harvesting on Mallorca?

Traditional cork harvesting on Mallorca primarily involves the use of the cork oak tree, scientifically known as Quercus suber. This species is well suited to the Mediterranean climate of the Balearic Islands and is highly valued for its thick, rugged bark, which can be carefully stripped away without harming the tree. Cork oak trees can live for over two centuries, and their bark regenerates every 9 to 12 years, making them a sustainable source of cork. The unique texture and resilience of the cork bark have made it a historically important material on the island, used for everything from bottle stoppers to insulation.

Mallorca’s cork oak forests are predominantly found in the hillier regions, where the trees have adapted to the dry, rocky soil conditions. Harvesting typically occurs during the summer months when the bark can be more easily removed. Skilled harvesters use hand tools to peel the cork in large sheets, ideally without damaging the delicate inner layers of the tree so that future harvests remain possible. This careful technique reflects centuries of tradition and expertise passed down through Mallorcan families.

While the cork oak stands out as the centerpiece of cork production, other oak species on the island do not yield cork of the same quality, and thus are not used for this purpose. The dominance of Quercus suber ensures that cork harvesting on Mallorca retains its connection to regional landscapes and cultural heritage. Today, efforts to sustainably manage these cork oak woodlands are also linked to preserving biodiversity and preventing soil erosion, further underscoring the ecological value of this venerable tree species beyond its commercial use.