What are the main uses of underground water reserves compared to surface water in Mallorca?

In Mallorca, the use of underground water reserves is a critical aspect of managing the island’s limited freshwater resources. Groundwater primarily comes from aquifers located beneath the island’s karstic limestone formations. This water is essential for both agricultural irrigation and supplying drinking water to local communities, particularly in rural and less accessible areas where surface water sources are scarce or seasonal. Because Mallorca’s climate is Mediterranean with dry summers and variable rainfall, underground water serves as a more reliable and consistent supply during periods of drought or low rainfall.

Conversely, surface water in Mallorca, which includes rivers, natural reservoirs, and small lakes, plays a more limited role due to the island’s topography and climate. Surface water is often used for temporary storage and managed irrigation in more fertile plains, as well as for certain recreational activities on the island. However, these sources tend to be more vulnerable to fluctuations in weather and seasonal changes, making them less dependable for continuous supply. Consequently, surface water is generally supplemented by groundwater extraction to meet demand.

The combination of underground and surface water sources allows Mallorca to balance its water needs efficiently. Urban areas and tourist infrastructures may rely more heavily on treated groundwater, ensuring a stable supply for consumption and sanitation, while the agricultural sector benefits from both irrigation methods depending on location and availability. Importantly, water management authorities in Mallorca continuously monitor these reserves to maintain sustainability, given the increasing pressures of tourism and climate change.

Ultimately, underground water reserves in Mallorca form the backbone of the island’s freshwater supply, providing stability and longevity for everyday use, whereas surface water offers supplementary and often seasonal resources that support agriculture and localized needs. Together, they contribute to the resilience of the island’s water system, which is vital for sustaining its population, economy, and natural environment.